1, 2 Aging is associated with functional disruption of cortical networks involving precuneus, retrosplenial and posterior cingulate cortices, 3 hypoactivation of prefrontal networks and compensatory cortical recruitment.
These findings suggest that long-range connections may be more vulnerable to aging effects than short-range connections and that, in addition to the DMN, the DAN is also sensitive to aging effects, which could underlie the deterioration of attention processes that occurs with aging.Īs we age, the brain experiences anatomical and functional changes and cognitive decline. Females had higher short- and long-range FCD in DMN and lower FCD in the somatosensory network than males, but the gender by age interaction effects were not significant for any of the networks or hubs. Aging effects in these networks were stronger for long-range than for short-range FCD and were also detected at the level of the main functional hubs. Aging was associated with pronounced long-range FCD decreases in DMN and dorsal attention network (DAN) and with increases in somatosensory and subcortical networks. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated resting-state data sets corresponding to 913 healthy subjects from a public magnetic resonance imaging database using functional connectivity density mapping (FCDM), a voxelwise and data-driven approach, together with parallel computing. We hypothesized that aging would be associated with a decline of short- and long-range functional connectivity density (FCD) hubs in the DMN. Aging effects on other networks, however, are largely unknown. Recent studies suggest the aging decline of major functional connectivity hubs in the ‘default-mode’ network (DMN). Aging is associated with changes in human brain anatomy and function and cognitive decline.
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